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Introduction DNA structure is not static. Under specific physicochemical conditions, DNA molecules can undergo structural transitions that modify their conformation, stability, and biological function. One of the compounds widely used to study DNA structure is ethidium bromide (EtBr), a fluorescent intercalating agent that binds between DNA base pairs. Ethidium bromide has played a major role in molecular biology, particularly in DNA visualization during electrophoresis and in studies of DNA top …

Electrophoresis is one of the most important analytical techniques used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics. It allows researchers to separate and analyze charged biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Together with chromatography, electrophoresis forms the foundation of many laboratory workflows used for biomolecule characterization and purification. This article explains the principles of electrophoresis, the factors affecting molecular migration, and the major electroph …

Histology Without Formalin: Challenges, Alternatives and Practical Considerations Introduction Tissue fixation is a fundamental step in histology and pathology, ensuring the preservation of cellular structures and biomolecules for microscopic examination and diagnostic analysis. For more than a century, formalin (aqueous formaldehyde) has been the standard fixative used in histopathology laboratories. However, formalin presents several limitations. It is toxic, potentially carcinogenic, and can …

Exosomes and Secretome in Tissue Regeneration: Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategies Introduction Regenerative medicine is undergoing a transformative shift, moving beyond traditional cell-based therapies toward cell-free therapeutic approaches that harness the bioactive potential of cellular secretions. Among these, exosomes and the broader secretome have emerged as powerful mediators of tissue repair and regeneration. Rather than transplanting whole cells, researchers are increasingly focusing on t …

Gene Editing in Cell-Based Therapies: CRISPR Applications in Regenerative Medicine Introduction The convergence of gene editing and regenerative medicine has opened new frontiers in healthcare, enabling scientists to correct genetic defects, enhance cellular function, and develop personalized therapies. Among the tools available, CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as the most powerful and versatile, allowing precise, efficient, and cost-effective modification of cellular DNA. When combined with cell-based …